9 May, 1864 Hitting an Elephant

2,379 Views | 14 Replies | Last: 2 yr ago by Ordinary Man
Rabid Cougar
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AG
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House

Horrible 20 hours of horrible trench fighting and John Sedgwick's famous quote before his death at the hands of a Confederate marksman. He was the highest-ranking Northern officer to die on a Civil War battlefield.

Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
The Death of Sedgwick May 9, 1864
General John Sedgwick, a much-admired bachelor from Connecticut, commanded the Army of the Potomac's Sixth Corps. On May 9, he was seated at his headquarters when he noticed confusion among some of his troops here at the front. Ignoring earlier warnings of danger, he walked over to sort things out.
No sooner did he arrive than a sharpshooter's bullet sped past, causing a young private at his side to drop to the ground in fear. Sedgwick gently chided the man, saying, "They couldn't hit an elephant at this distance." A second shot followed, then a thirdthe last followed by a sickening thud. The general pitched to the ground, blood gushing from a hole just below his left eye. He was the highest-ranking Union officer to die in the Civil War.
"Sedgwick was essentially a soldier. He had never married; the camp was his home, and the members of his staff were his family. He was always spoken of familiarly as "Uncle John," and the news of his death fell upon his comrades with a sense of grief akin to the sorrow of a personal bereavement." Lieutenant Colonel Horace Porter, USA Staff

I had heard that he didn't even get the last syllable out before he was hit by the shot from a Whitworth rifle at a distance of more than 500 yards
BQ78
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AG
Sedgewick wasn't the only one to die that way within a 24-hour period, one of Burnside's division commanders, BG Thomas G. Stevenson was shot in the head by a sniper as he and his staff ate breakfast the next morning. They falsely thought they were out of range too.
Rabid Cougar
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I have personally hit a man sized target at 400 yards with my .577 Enfield. I know it was purely luck.
However, I would not bet my life on that chance like they were.

They had seen battle before and certainly had experienced spent bullets. Probably a little bravado to encourage the troops.

Bad miscalculations.
one safe place
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Generals back then, unlike later wars, led from the front, or too close to the front. Still amazing shots. I am sure many shots were fired at different times from long distances with not a lot of hope of hitting anyone and yet a few did.
Rabid Cougar
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one safe place said:

Generals back then, unlike later wars, led from the front, or too close to the front. Still amazing shots. I am sure many shots were fired at different times from long distances with not a lot of hope of hitting anyone and yet a few did.
Whitworths were not a hope and pray rifle.

In 1857, the Whitworth rifle received its first head to head trial against the Enfield, in the presence of the British Minister of War. At this trial, the Whitworth outperformed the Enfield at a rate of three to one. Following are the comparative groupings of the two weapons at various distances in this trial...

Range: 500 Yards
Whitworth: 4.44 inches
Enfield: 26.88 inches
Range: 800 Yards
Whitworth: 12 inches
Enfield: 49.32 inches
Range: 1100 Yards
Whitworth: 28.92 Inches
Enfield: 96.48 inches
Range: 1400 Yards
Whitworth: 55.44 inches
Enfield: ---No hits---
Range: 1800 Yards (Just over one mile.)
Whitworth: 139.44 inches
Enfield: ---Not fired---
At just over a mile, the Whitworth rifle's group was almost twelve feet, this may not seem extremely accurate. However, we must consider the fact that the shooter would probably be firing on a group of officers or artillery men. In which case, being able to consistently hit a twelve foot target would at least cause great disorder, if it did not prove deadly.

Whitworth Rifle
one safe place
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The front sight would completely cover the body of an individual man at very long distances. Shooting at a group and hoping you hit one of them would seem to be the way to go.
BQ78
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Whitworths had a telescopic site, so no front site.



Interestingly Whitworth also made a breach loading field artillery piece that the Confederacy had two of. It was the longest range field gun used in the Civil War and was operated by Hardaway's Alabama Battery. If you want to see the actual guns they are at Gettysburg by the Peace Memorial. Also interestingly, the cannon Whitworths had hexagonal barrels too.

one safe place
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BQ78 said:

Whitworths had a telescopic site, so no front site.



Interestingly Whitworth also made a breach loading field artillery piece that the Confederacy had two of. It was the longest range field gun used in the Civil War and was operated by Hardaway's Alabama Battery. If you want to see the actual guns they are at Gettysburg by the Peace Memorial. Also interestingly, the cannon Whitworths had hexagonal barrels too.


Some Whitworths had a telescopic sight. As I understand it, not many did, and they were four power scopes mounted on the left side, not the top of the rifle.

Most of the Whitworths had open sights, one of three or four different types of open sights.
JABQ04
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Rabid Cougar said:

I have personally hit a man sized target at 400 yards with my .577 Enfield. I know it was purely luck.
However, I would not bet my life on that chance like they were.

They had seen battle before and certainly had experienced spent bullets. Probably a little bravado to encourage the troops.

Bad miscalculations.


I need to get out and shoot my '61 Springfield. And maybe find some buck and ball for my '42.
one safe place
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I am happy if I can hit a 2-liter bottle at 300 yards with a modern-day center fire rifle and a 12-power scope. These guys hitting people at twice that distance with a muzzle loading rifle is impressive.
LMCane
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I'm writing a book which includes the VIth Corps but after Sedgwick's death.

John Reynolds was actually in command of two Corps at Gettysburg as he was given command of an entire front because Meade was much farther back with the rest of the Army. And he was killed by a sniper after the first two hours of battle on Seminary Ridge Day One.
Rabid Cougar
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one safe place said:

I am happy if I can hit a 2-liter bottle at 300 yards with a modern-day center fire rifle and a 12-power scope. These guys hitting people at twice that distance with a muzzle loading rifle is impressive.
Remember, civil war soldiers were firing at regimental size targets (1/4 mile long fronts +/- two deep) at 300 yards.

More times than not they were firing and being fired at from less than 100 yards, like 50 yards.
Being fired at from that distance while trying to load and fire is what is not often taken into the equation during discussions like this.

For those guys to stand there and exchange fire at those ranges like that is beyond most people's comprehension.

one safe place
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Rabid Cougar said:

one safe place said:

I am happy if I can hit a 2-liter bottle at 300 yards with a modern-day center fire rifle and a 12-power scope. These guys hitting people at twice that distance with a muzzle loading rifle is impressive.
Remember, civil war soldiers were firing at regimental size targets (1/4 mile long fronts +/- two deep) at 300 yards.

More times than not they were firing and being fired at from less than 100 yards, like 50 yards.
Being fired at from that distance while trying to load and fire is what is not often taken into the equation during discussions like this.

For those guys to stand there and exchange fire at those ranges like that is beyond most people's comprehension.


Yeah. I have thought about that, the constant firing at each line of soldiers, reloading while under fire and the sound of what missed them flying by and the sound of someone being hit. And just lucky it wasn't you. Have trouble wrapping my head around what that must have been like, just as I do the constancy of fire at my father when he landed on Tarawa. Reloading during a Civil War battle while engaged with the enemy must have seemed to take forever.
JABQ04
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AG
This is something I've thought about as well, mainly how everyone wasn't wiped out in just a few minutes of fighting. If all comes down to the human factor. You're scared, you're just pointing and firing as rapid as possible meaning you're aiming too high or too low, your musket misfires, you forget to cap the musket, or any other number of things. If the reports after the Battle of Gettysburg are true then somewhere between 24K and 27K muskets were round with multiple loads in them, again meaning the soldier didn't realize his weapon didn't fire for whatever reason and loaded another round and so on.
Ordinary Man
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Talk about the pressure on civil war soldier in battle, here are some facts presented on a youtube video by a Gettysburg Park Ranger called "Life of a Civil war soldier".

Found 28,000 muskets on the Gettysburg battlefield, Of the 28,000 found,
24,000 were still loaded,
12,000 had more than one load,
6,000 had between 3 & 10 loads,
1 had 23 loads in the barrel

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