I see CAT as more reliant on the construction industry and Deere on the Ag industry.
Both are US companies, with big US revenue.
If younger generations are more interested in apartment living and "digital" lifestyles, I don't know that I'd invest heavily long term in the construction industry. If US population is or will stop expanding soon, CAT will become more and more reliant on Chinese and developing country revenue, and that's risky to me.
If climate change is as real and dire as the greenies say, agriculture will be more and more challenging in the future. Deere may be able to capitalize on that with their GPS/tech/automation that can help increase efficiency in farming.
CAT seems higher risk, higher reward, but I'd lean slightly toward deere.