It's not a great scene for public golf. Depending on if you mean in DC or the wider metro area, my favorites are:
- Blue Mash - its a Montgomery County course. Its a good hike up, so you'd want to take the red line all the way to Glenmont and then uber from there.
- University of Maryland campus course - can take the green or yellow line up to College Park and short uber through town to the course.
- Potomac Shores - its in a development down 95, but this would be likely too far without a car.
If you want in DC, then East Potomac is the main public muni. Its a muni in every sense of the word. It's easy to get to but would be easiest via an uber.