Righteousness

1,765 Views | 42 Replies | Last: 8 hrs ago by Martin Q. Blank
FTACo88-FDT24dad
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AG
AgLiving06 said:

FTACo88-FDT24dad said:

AgLiving06 said:

FTACo88-FDT24dad said:

The doctrine of the imputation of Christ's righteousness to the believer and the imputation of the believer's sin to Christ through the exchange of faith alone, that uniquely Protestant doctrine is an invention of Martin Luther and has no precedent in the tradition whatsoever at all for ~1500 years. That is the conclusion not just of Catholic historians, but of Protestant historians like Alastair McGrath in his two-volume work, Eustitia Dei, The History of the Doctrine of Justification, which confirms that Luther's interpretation of justification is a complete theological novelty.

At the other end, if you want to look at Matthew J. Thomas' book, Paul's Works of the Law in Second-Century Reception, it's a great analysis of how the very earliest Christians understood Paul's statement that we are not justified by works of the law, and it's quite clear they did not mean what Luther meant by that phrase. Modern biblical scholarship, including much Protestant biblical scholarship comes to the same conclusion. Christer Stendahl, James Dunn, and in particular, NT. Wright. Wright's book, simply titled Justification speaks to this.


This isn't accurate.

McGrath does not claim imputation language is an invention of Luther. He acknowledges that the church has historically employed imputation language, particularly in the context of Romans. It's unavoidable.

He does say that Luther's specific formulation, emphasizing forensic justification over alternatives, lacks a firm historical grounding. I don't think anybody denies this.

But that's a different discussion.


Your statement mischaracterizes what I said. I never said McGrath said what you say I said about imputation language. The first sentence in my post is a characterization of the soteriological economics of sola fide, not something I attribute to McGrath. I said that McGrath states " that Luther's interpretation of justification is a complete theological novelty." And so it is.

But more fundamentally the point is that the idea of justification invented and promoted by Luther and adopted by all his progeny does not appear in the Christian lexicon until the early 1500s. You believe something that no orthodox Christian believed until Luther discovered it.


Why would that be surprising though? If the standard is we throw out anything that gets refined later, there's a ton on the Roman Catholic side that goes by the wayside.

As we see throughout history, doctrine gets clarified and refined as issues arise. We don't often have the foresight to miss all the future arguments.

As we seem to agree, imputed righteousness is certainly in Scripture and the Church Fathers. We should all be able to accept that imputed righteousness as it relates to Christ is correct doctrine.

The clarification or development by Luther of an existing doctrine takes place in response to the errors of Rome. Is it new? Yes, because it's responding to theological claims that the historical church did not have to deal with or address. Does that make this a problem? No because at the end of the day, the question is not "what did the church fathers believe", but instead "What does Scripture say."

And as posted above, the Scripture is quite clear in imputed righteousness and it's role in our salvation.



There's nothing clarifying about a novelty. It was a complete theological novum.

And it is so clear that no one thought to propose it for 1,500 . I think you should just own it and admit that what you believe wasn't believed or taught by anyone for 1,500 years.
Martin Q. Blank
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That's not true. Bernard of Clairvaux for sure taught it. Augustine too.
FTACo88-FDT24dad
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Martin Q. Blank said:

That's not true. Bernard of Clairvaux for sure taught it. Augustine too.


Augustine taught no such thing. And I have no knowledge of what Bernard of Clairvaux taught.

There is a radical difference between Augustine's teaching and Luther's idea of sola fide that lies in the recognition that faith without works is incomplete and that works do not merely follow but are INTRINSIC to faith.

Augustine taught that salvation is by grace through faith, but that faith is never alone in the sense of excluding works; rather, true faith necessarily expresses itself in love and OBEDIENCE. This is the Catholic understanding and it rejects the misinterpretation often ascribed to Augustine (or Paul) by people like yourself, of the sola fide doctrine, which the historical Church Fathers, including Augustine, never taught.

But you should take it up with McGrath. He's the one who says it's a theological novum.
Martin Q. Blank
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You're the one citing him. I don't have time to read a two-volume work, find out exactly what he thinks is novel about Luther's interpretation, and respond to him. All I'm saying is the idea of imputed righteousness and imputed sin was not introduced by Luther. Or is your only problem that the imputation is by faith?
FTACo88-FDT24dad
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Martin Q. Blank said:

You're the one citing him. I don't have time to read a two-volume work, find out exactly what he thinks is novel about Luther's interpretation, and respond to him. All I'm saying is the idea of imputed righteousness and imputed sin was not introduced by Luther. Or is your only problem that the imputation is by faith?


I don't have any problem. I am stating that the doctrine of the imputation of Christ's righteousness to the believer and the imputation of the believer's sin to Christ through the exchange of "faith alone" was a complete theological novum when Luther proposed it meaning that it was not part of Christian orthodoxy for 1,500 years.

I am further saying that some fairly well-regarded Protestant theologians such as McGrath agree that such proposition was in fact a theological novum when Luther first came up with it.
Martin Q. Blank
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So "through the exchange of faith alone" is the novum, not imputation?
FTACo88-FDT24dad
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Martin Q. Blank said:

So "through the exchange of faith alone" is the novum, not imputation?


I think that is fair as far as it goes.

Imputation plays a role in justification in Catholic theology but the Catholic understanding of the imputation of Jesus Christ's righteousness to sinners, as reflected in the Catechism, does not emphasize a purely forensic or legal imputation in isolation. Instead, it teaches that Christ's incarnation and redemptive act are sufficient to acquit sinners and that faith in Christ which entails obedience to His moral teaching and participation in His Church justifies us before God.

Paul taught that justification is a gift of God's gratuitous love through Jesus Christ. This justification is not by the works of the Mosaic Law but by faith in Christ. Since Christ's incarnation and redemption are fully sufficient to acquit humanity, faith in Christ justifies believers. But this faith necessarily includes not only belief but the works of obedience and participation in the Church. So the "righteousness" that justifies is not only a legal counting of Christ's righteousness to believers as a separate imputation, but a righteousness entailed by a living faith united to Christ and His Church.

That's more or less what all Christians believed before Luther.

Further to this point, it seems like there is an underlying concern among some people who believe in sola fide that if obedience or works or good or meritorious deeds play any meaningful role in justification that is somehow negating or taking away from the glory of God as though there is some sort of competition between men and God over who gets the glory for a person being justified. I think this is a very misguided way of thinking about the issue.
I think the better way of thinking about it is by the concept of God's non-competitive transcendence.

God is not a "supreme being" in an antagonistic relationship with creation: Unlike gods in Greek myths who compete for finite resources and power, the biblical God is the source of all existence ("ipsum esse subsistens," or the sheer act of being itself).

A zero-sum "glory game" does not exist. In a finite world, for one person to gain something, another must often give way (a zero-sum game). This dynamic does not apply to the relationship between God's activity and human activity. The more we attribute to one, the more the other is enhanced, not diminished.

God is not a threat to human freedom. In Jesus, divine and human wills come together in perfect harmony, demonstrating that the human will is not overpowered but rather enhanced by alignment with the divine will.
The "glory of God is man fully alive" said St. Irenaeus of Lyon, God glories in human flourishing and in people becoming fully human and "divinized". God is not competitive with us; instead, He delights in our being fully human, which is brought about through faith working through love; i.e. obedience to God's precepts.

The proper understanding of God, as the non-competitive creator, leads to the highest form of authentic, God-blessed humanism.

Martin Q. Blank
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But imputation is something you receive. You don't believe works of obedience and participation in the church somehow procures Christ's righteousness to sinners, right? I understand Catholics have a dual understanding of justification - where there's an initial justification and then an ongoing one. But imputation is a matter of faith alone.
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