Learned this lesson the hard way when I started working on my 2022 taxes.
I rolled a 403b over to my financial advisors' firm, and it didn't click that it went from a 403b to an IRA
I did my backdoor Roth contribution like I always do.
Now I owe taxes on that $6k because the IRS lumps all of your traditional IRA accounts together. So even though my $6k was an after-tax contribution, all of the money in the 403b rollover IRA was pre-tax.
Not only is this costing me about $1400 in taxes (almost my entire refund), it's been a real PITA to figure out how to account for it all properly in TurboTax.
I will eventually get some (hopefully most) of those taxes back when I take distributions from the IRA, but that's a good 15 years away.
The way around this, if it's an issue for you, is to contribute to a mega backdoor Roth, if your company allows it. That's where my 2023 contribution will be going. And the mega backdoor Roth is not capped at $6500; its cap is tied to the $66k cap on total 401k contributions.