5 years after retirement you are on the ballot. If you get less than 5% of the vote at any time you will no longer be included on the ballot. You have 15 years to get elected and it takes 75% of the vote to win induction.
Correct, if you played 10 years, then you'll at least get on the ballot your first year. I like that the writers are allowed to vote on everyone rather than some committee whittling the list down to determine who is worthy. The writers do a pretty good job of determining in that first year of who is worthy of being part of the conversation (although I'm still amazed that Will Clark only got one year on the ballot).
Glavine and Maddux are the first two SP's to be inducted into the HOF since 1972 whose careers began after 1972.
Basically the only pitchers that have gotten into the Hall in the last 40 years were guys whose careers started in the 50s/60s (or old guys let in by the VC) plus Eck, Goose and Sutter.
LaRussa's decision makes sense. However, I only think of the Atlanta Braves when I picture Maddux; it's almost an afterthought that he played in Chicago.