BQ78 said:
How do you explain that one of the few differences between the CS and US constitution was the article that made slavery a perpetual institution for which congress had no ability to revoke it?
That alone says slavery drove the breakup.
Slavery had been legal in the United States from the beginning. I carefully explained the reason for Secession about 87 posts ago. When he heard about the prospect of it, Lincoln said, "but what about my tariff?"
1860 MORRILL TARIFF:
In response to the slow recovery of northern states from the Financial Crisis of 1857 caused by the sinking of the S.S. Central America carrying 30,000 pounds of gold destined for northern banks, and the failure of Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company (Ohio Life), In May 1860, Congress passed the Morrill Tariff Act proposed by Republican Congressmen Justin Morrill (Former Whig). It raised the average tariff from 15% to 37%, with increases to 48% within 3 years on imported trade goods. Only one southern representative voted for the Tariff. With U.S. Tariff Review burdens already falling disproportionately on the southern states, accounting for ~87% of the total BEFORE the Morrill Tariff! Even more galling was that 80% or more of these tax revenues were expended on Northern public works and industrial subsidies, thus further enriching the northern states at the expense of the south. The tariff was the twelfth of the seventeen planks in the platform of the incoming Republican Party, and Lincoln promised (if elected) to sign the Morrill Tariff Act into law and use military force to collect it as part of his agreement to defect from the Whig Party to the new Republican Party. Southern States began secession discussions and proceedings in anticipation of these tariffs.
27 September 1860, Republican Leader Thaddeus Stevens, sponsor of the Morrill Tariff, told a New York City audience that "the Tariff would impoverish the southern and western states, but that was essential for advancing national greatness and the prosperity of industrial workers." Northern Republicans and Whigs cheered, Southern leaders were indignant and called for nullification and/or Secession. It was the twelfth of the seventeen planks in the platform of the incoming Republican Party (Unconstitutional federal redistribution of wealth)
In an editorial in the Charleston Mercury, "To plunder the South for the benefit of the North, by a new Protective Tariff, will be one of their first measures of Northern sectional dominion," the paper announced.
~Charleston Mercury, 11 Oct. 1860.
November 4, 1860 An editorial in the edition of the Charleston Mercury said of the tariff crisis: "The real causes of dissatisfaction in the South with the North, are in the unjust taxation and expenditure of the taxes by the Government of the United States, and in the revolution the North has effected in this government, from a confederated republic, to a national sectional despotism." Some Northern newspapers even condoned secession should the Southern States adopt that course of action. In the November 21, 1860 edition of the Cincinnati Daily Press, an editorial said of secession: "We believe that the right of any member of this Confederacy to dissolve its political relations with the others and assume an independent position is absolute."
~When Outgoing President James Buchanan signed the 37%+ to 48% Morrill Tariff into law, with no C.S. Or seceded states able to vote, and with the southern states already contributing 87+% of the total U.S. federal budget.
~Lincoln left the "Whig" party for the new "Republican" party, with the promise of party support for if he would enforce the Morrill Tariff by force, Delegate from Virginia, John Baldwin, tried to persuade Lincoln to let Gulf states peacefully secede, and eventually they would reconcile and reunite. President Lincoln responded:
"but what would become of my Tariff?"