According to VChK-OGPU, the recent drone attacks on Moscow's Kapotnya oil refinery have prevented the facility shipping fuel since the striked. It will take two or three months to carry out repairs, but one of the cracking columns is irreparably damaged.
Similar serious damage has also been inflicted on the Yaroslavl and Ryazan refineries, with diesel production at Yaroslavl completely disabled "for a very long time". The two refineries had previously been principal suppliers of fuel to Moscow.
The Noginsk oil refinery and depot east of Moscow is now the capital's main supplier of diesel and gasoline, but does not have anything like enough capacity to fully supply the capital, let alone the wider Moscow region.
Whereas Ukraine had previously targeted oil storage tanks, which can be replaced fairly quickly, the cracking units are a much more difficult proposition. Due to Western sanctions, they can only now be ordered from China.
It takes about 18 months to build a new cracking unit, with shipping and installation requiring several months more. A destroyed cracking unit may thus take as long as two years to replace.
Russia has turned to Belarus, Georgia, and Kazakhstan to try to alleviate the current shortages with fuel from their own refineries. It has suspended fuel exports from its own refineries. It is also shipping fuel from a Russian-owned refinery in India back to Russia.
Within Russia, the regions of Kabardino-Balkaria and Dagestan are reportedly considering allowing so-called "samovars" (micro-refineries), which caused catastrophic environmental damage when they were last used during the 1990s and early 2000s prior to being outlawed.
