I'll put my 2 cents in on foreign workers in the US and outsourcing jobs. I left A&M in December of '73 and went to work in the petrochem engineering business in January '74. My career lasted until October of '20.
Over the years the number of immigrants grew slowly but surely until the '00s when it started to really increase. Indian, Vietnamese, Thai, Japanese, Taiwanese, Russians, English, Dutch, different South American and Central American countries, Mexicans, Africans, Carribean Islanders; all of them of varying abilities and skills.
The first personal interaction I had with outsourcing was in 2004, although some other projects had done "workshare" before that. The last project I was on that I had to interface with them I left in July of 2018. During that time, the percent of work sent overseas grew from about 10% to over 60% of our estimated budgets, with the home office engineering limited to "spot checking" and complex items like control valves, safety/relief valves and analyzers. Of course, we also had to manage the entire project, estimate, schedule and make all the reports. Our hours also included site surveys and site representation. Was the quality better at the end than at the beginning? Of course, but there was still a lot of rework that had to be done on the finished products.
I enjoyed meeting many of the folks in the Mumbai office, as several came here to learn our work process, and I had two trips there to meet and provide guidance to their staff. They were mostly nice and easy to work with, but absolutely no one would take any risks and do anything that required thinking or acting on their own. Every step of the way had to be directed and reinforced to get anything done. The vendors hated working with them on bid requisitions and purchase requisitions.
With that being said, I complained the entire time and tried as hard as possible to keep more work here; management didn't want to hear it and eventually laid out that any more complaining would be detrimental to our careers. After that we fudged as best we could, but it was a losing cause.